CBSE Proposes Dual-Track Structure for Science and Mathematics in Grades 11 and 12: Get the Insights Here
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is set to implement a two-level system for Classes 11 and 12 in Science and Mathematics from the academic year 2026-27. This move is part of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020's vision to make learning easy and flexible.
Detailed Explanation of the Two-Level System
The two-level system offers students a choice between a Basic and an Advanced level curriculum and examination, catering to different student interests, career goals, and learning needs.
Basic Level
The Basic level focuses on fundamental concepts with easier, simplified content suitable for students not intending to pursue STEM-related careers. Textbooks are NCERT-based but with simplified explanations and fewer complex topics. Assessment consists of straightforward questions emphasizing understanding over complex problem solving. This level is intended to reduce stress among students who find the full STEM curriculum challenging or irrelevant to their aspirations.
Advanced Level
The Advanced level contains more complex and in-depth topics, including advanced problem-solving and analytical questions. It is suitable for students aiming for competitive exams, engineering, medical, or other STEM fields. Textbooks include additional chapters and rigorous content aligned with higher academic pursuits and applications. Assessments test application, analysis, and synthesis of knowledge, demanding a thorough grasp of concepts.
Implementation
- Textbooks: NCERT will publish two versions of textbooks for Classes 11 and 12 Science and Mathematics – one each for Basic and Advanced levels.
- Teachers’ Training: Before implementation, teacher training will prepare educators to teach and evaluate both levels effectively.
- Phased Rollout: The model is already in use for Class 10 Mathematics, with separate Basic and Standard exams. CBSE plans to extend this system to Classes 11 and 12 Science and Mathematics starting likely from the 2026-27 academic year, depending on textbook readiness and infrastructure.
- Board Exams: Students will choose their level (Basic or Advanced) and appear for separate board examinations accordingly. Their marksheets will explicitly mention the level of the examination taken.
Differences Between Basic and Advanced Levels
| Aspect | Basic Level | Advanced Level | |-------------------|------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------| | Difficulty | Easier, focuses on fundamentals | More complex, includes in-depth topics | | Target Students | Not pursuing STEM careers | Aiming for competitive exams and STEM fields | | Textbooks | Simplified NCERT content | NCERT plus advanced topics | | Exam Style | Straightforward, concept-oriented | Analytical, application-based | | Intended Outcome | Reduce academic stress and increase accessibility | Prepare for STEM higher education and careers |
Impact on Board Exams and Education
The two-level system promotes student choice and flexibility, allowing learners to select according to their strengths and career plans, aligning with NEP 2020’s vision for flexible, learner-centric education. It is expected to reduce stress for students who may be overwhelmed by the full advanced syllabus. The marksheet will clearly distinguish the level the student has opted for, potentially influencing higher education and career pathways.
However, the system has faced criticism regarding equity and educational excellence. Some educators and experts argue that labeling students as ‘basic’ may harm self-esteem and limit ambitions. Mathematics and science skills are critical for many modern careers, and a diluted syllabus may inadequately prepare students for future challenges. The bifurcation could create artificial academic barriers and segregate students prematurely rather than fostering comprehensive mathematical and scientific understanding.
Summary
The CBSE two-level system for Science and Mathematics in Classes 11 and 12 introduces Basic and Advanced course options to align learning according to students’ interests and capacities, reduce academic stress, and follow NEP guidelines. Basic level covers fundamental concepts with easier assessments, while Advanced level includes a more rigorous syllabus aimed at STEM aspirants. Implementation depends on new textbooks and teacher training, with separate board exams and distinct marksheet mentions. While it improves flexibility and reduces pressure, the system has drawn critiques about its impact on educational equity and overall preparedness for STEM demands.
This model will reshape how students experience Science and Mathematics education in senior secondary classes starting around 2026-27, marking a significant shift in India's educational approach. Schools will need to adjust their teaching plans and resources according to the students' choices. The change is set to roll out in the 2026-27 academic session. The CBSE two-level system aims to provide students more control over their learning. Students will appear for different level-board exams based on their choice of selection.
- The two-level system, part of CBSE's implementation from the academic year 2026-27, allows students to choose between a Basic and an Advanced level curriculum and examination for Classes 11 and 12 Science and Mathematics, catering to their interests and learning needs in education-and-self-development and learning.
- The Advanced level in the two-level system is designed for students aiming for competitive exams, engineering, medical, or other STEM fields, offering in-depth learning with more complex topics and advanced problem-solving questions, providing a foundation for higher education and career paths in these fields.
